If you take an originalist POV, the ambiguity is on purpose and must be perceived in a manner as to give it a WIDE latitidude.
That's why this is all Calvinball.
Alito, Thomas, K-dawg, ACB, J Robs, and G-money should all look at this in the frame of: "The writers of the 14th amendment had all the political will, latitude, and incentive to write this as they deemed fit. They could have been very, VERY, limited in their scope of what the 14th amendment should be. Should it be for those convicted? Should their be a very fine definition of 'insurrection'? Would one need to be found guilty in some sort of impeachment like trial?.
The answer to all of these is no.
The writers wrote:
"No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability."
Engaged in.
Not convicted of.
Not proven beyond a reasonable doubt of.
Hell, the 'given aid and comfort to the enemies' is so incredibly broad in its language that it shows just what they wanted IMO.
They didn't want or thought the union could withstand the odiousness of anyone who would not uphold the constitution. Hard stop.
And the idea that we'd allow someone who stoked a plot to storm the capital and try to stop the certification of an election AND (and here's the real damning part IMO) engaged in a plot to field illegitimate electors so as to install himself as president is something of an anathema of what the intent of the 14th is and WAS.
Any pedantic parsing that the justices pontificate is nothing short of vile, villainous, and vacillating.
It's a total microcosm of our times.
A time where statesmen are lacking.
There is no courage in our leadership.
OUr government is all cock and no balls because we're so far removed from a true existential struggle for what it is to be an American citizen.
My grandfathers who fought WW2 knew what this country stood for.
My parents and boomers who inherited a prize do not.
GenX could give a shit.
My millennial brethren are just bitter on the promise we were told that hasn't materialized.
And GenZ doesn't know if they should swipe left, care, make a TikTok about it, or play roulette on their last score b/c it might just have Fentylnol in it.
The answer is obvious, IMO, if we open our eyes to the reality / scope fo the problem.
We're so wrapped up, however, in our own deluding bullshit to see it or even more sadly ... to care.